Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Ph.D. student, Persian Language and Literature, Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Persian Language and Literature, Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Persian Language and Literature, Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Persian Language and Literature, Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
This paper offers a philosophical and sociological examination of "subjectivity" and "objectivity," analyzing their evolutionary progression and transformation from the perspectives of Western philosophy and postmodern sociological theories. While critics and analysts of contemporary poetry have explored the concepts of mind and reality in their work from various angles, few have delved into the philosophical underpinnings of subjectivity and objectivity, generally analyzing them in their broader sense within contemporary poetry. The perspective on the relationship between mind and reality, subject and object, and the process of cognition has undergone extensive changes since antiquity with Plato and Aristotle, through modernity with Descartes, Kant, and Hegel. This evolution signifies a transition from the centrality of the universe to the centrality of the human mind, and subsequently, a re-examination of the dialectical unity of mind and reality. This research, relying on the existential thought of Martin Heidegger and integrating it with the semiotic theory of body and soul, presents an analytical model to explore the subject's journey from "being" towards a futile attempt at "fusion with existence." The research methodology is descriptive-analytical, based on a semiotic-existential reading of the text. Within this framework, poetry is analyzed through stages such as the subject's existence, the subject's presence, presence in existence, interaction and entanglement of the subject and existence, the attempt at fusion, and finally, a return to perpetual disconnection. The research findings indicate that the coldness pervading the poetry is not merely a social metaphor but a corporeal sign of existential congelation, where the frozen and conservative body hinders the soul's openness towards meaning and authentic presence in existence.
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