Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, Mazandaran University
2 Associate Professor of the Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, Babolsar-Mazandaran.Iran.،
3 Associate Professor of the Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, Babolsar-Mazandaran.Iran.
Abstract
In the philosophical tradition of the West and the East up to the present day, different views have been put forward about language and its nature in various fields. Some have examined the nature of language from an ontological perspective, while others have examined it from an instrumental perspective. In the meantime, intellectuals such as: Fardid, one of the contemporary Iranian philosophers, and Davari Ardakani, one of the famous Iranian thinkers and one of Fardi's very close students, have explained the nature of language from an ontological perspective. Under the influence of three intellectual sources: the wisdom of Anas, the mysticism of Ibn Arabi, and the thoughts of Heidegger, Fardid divides history into five periods: the past, yesterday, tomorrow, and the day after tomorrow. In Fardid's thought, due to the distance from the past history, language has been removed from its divine origin and reduced to an instrumental nature. Therefore, Fardid, through etymology and poetry adorned with allusive language, aims to provide the possibility of reaching the past history and reviving the language that was created by God. Fardid's view of poetry is as a sublime thought that, due to its reminder of the afterlife, helps humanity towards the language of a unified nation and the eternal time. Fardid, with Heidegger's ontological perspective, considers poetry to be based on the structure of the connection between language and existence. Davari is also influenced by three geometries of thought: individualist thoughts, Islamic mysticism, and Western philosophical and linguistic teachings, especially Heidegger. He also does not consider language to be the result of convention and traces the origin of language to the eternal time and the eternal world, when language expressed the truth of existence. According to Davari, due to the self-reliance of man and the acquisition of metaphysics in the era of hardship, meaninglessness and confusion have arisen in today's language. Therefore, Davari, with the help of poetry and true poets, tries to take a step towards restoring the dignity of the original language and reviving the neglected truth of existence. In Davari's view, poetry is an example of the exaltation of language that comes from the world of nothingness. This research aims to review and compare Fardid's and Davari's views on language and poetry using a descriptive-analytical method.
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